ohio revised code property encroachment
(P) "Reactivate" means the process prescribed by the superintendent of real estate and professional licensing to remove a license from an inactive, suspended, or broker's license on deposit status to allow a licensee to provide services that require a license under this chapter. (D) If the check or draft instrument was remitted by an education course provider or course provider applicant, that application shall automatically be rejected or approval withdrawn, unless the applicant, within fifteen days after the mailing of the notice, submits the fee and a one-hundred-thirty-five-dollar fee to the superintendent. If feasible, the instruction in Ohio real estate law shall be taught by a member of the faculty of an accredited law school. A licensee's failure to notify the superintendent of a change in personal residence address does not negate the requirement to file the license renewal by the required deadline established by the commission by rule under division (A)(2)(f) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code. (A) Subject to section 4735.32 of the Revised Code, the superintendent of real estate, upon the superintendent's own motion, may investigate the conduct of any licensee. A duplicate copy of any process or pleading served on the superintendent shall be immediately forwarded by certified mail to the main office of the licensee against which that process or pleading is directed. (27) Failure to maintain at all times a special or trust bank account in a depository in this state, to be used exclusively for the deposit and maintenance of all rents, security deposits, escrow funds, and other moneys received by the broker in a fiduciary capacity in the course of managing real property. The landowner doing work on the line fence is responsible for harm caused to the adjoining property. If any person so summoned by subpoena fails to obey the subpoena, to give testimony, to answer questions as required, or to obey an order of the court, the court, on motion supported by proof, may order an attachment for contempt to be issued against the person charged with disobedience of any order or injunction issued by the court under this chapter. (C)(1) In all cases, a management level licensee shall keep information of the client or brokerage confidential. A real estate broker, real estate salesperson, foreign real estate dealer, and foreign real estate salesperson may be associated with a brokerage as either an employee or an independent contractor. (H) An investigation under this section is subject to section 4735.32 of the Revised Code. If the application for a dealer's license involves investigation outside this state, the superintendent may require the applicant to advance sufficient funds to pay any of the actual expenses of the investigation, and an itemized statement of such expense shall be furnished to the applicant. The division of real estate operating fund shall be assessed a proportionate share of the administrative costs of the department of commerce in accordance with procedures prescribed by the director of commerce. (A) Whoever violates section 4735.02 or 4735.021 of the Revised Code is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree. A discharge in bankruptcy does not relieve a person from the suspension and requirements for reactivation provided in this section unless the underlying judgment has been included in the discharge and has not been reaffirmed by the debtor. The clerk shall also issue, under the seal of the court, such other orders, in reference to the examination, appearance, and production of books, records, or papers, as the court directs. 2008-Ohio-3820) that subjective intent of one party to acquire property of another is not required to prevail on an adverse possession claim; rather, the claimant must show by clear and convincing evidence that he possessed the disputed property and treated it as his own for a period of 21 years. In addition to the penalty provided in section 901.99 of the Revised Code, whoever violates this section is liable in treble damages for the injury caused. (4) A real estate broker who is representing a seller under an exclusive right to sell or lease listing agreement shall not advertise such property to the public as "for sale by owner" or otherwise mislead the public to believe that the seller is not represented by a real estate broker. It shall be in the form the superintendent prescribes and shall contain the following information: (1) The name and address of the applicant; (2) A description of the applicant, including, if the applicant is a partnership, unincorporated association, or any similar form of business organization, the names and the residence and business addresses of all partners, officers, directors, trustees, or managers of the organization, and the limitation of the liability of any partner or member; and if the applicant is a corporation, a list of its officers and directors, and the residence and business addresses of each, and, if it is a foreign corporation, a copy of its articles of incorporation in addition; (3) The location and addresses of the principal office and all other offices of the applicant; (4) A general description of the business of the applicant prior to the application, including a list of states in which the applicant is a licensed foreign real estate dealer; (5) The names and addresses of all salespersons of the applicant at the date of the application; (6) The nature of the business of the applicant, and its places of business, for the ten-year period preceding the date of application. (2) After the conclusion of formal hearings, the hearing examiner shall file a report of findings of fact and conclusions of law with the superintendent, the commission, the complainant, and the parties. If the superintendent requires the payment of the examination fee directly to the testing service, each applicant shall submit to the superintendent a processing fee in an amount determined by the Ohio real estate commission pursuant to division (A)(2) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code. (C) Each applicant for a broker's license shall be examined in the principles of real estate practice, Ohio real estate law, and financing and appraisal, and as to the duties of real estate brokers and real estate salespersons, the applicant's knowledge of real estate transactions and instruments relating to them, and the canons of business ethics pertaining to them. The governor may appoint a representative from the executive branch to be a member ex officio of the commission for the purpose of advising on research requests or educational projects. Unless the client so directs, the licensee is not obligated to seek additional purchase or lease possibilities if the purchaser is a party to a contract to purchase property, or has entered into a lease or has extended a letter of intent to lease. The broker shall keep each salesperson's license in a way that it can, and shall on request, be made immediately available for public inspection at the office or place of business of the broker. (J) Not earlier than the date of issue of a real estate salesperson's license to a licensee, but not later than twelve months after the date of issue of a real estate salesperson license to a licensee, the licensee shall submit proof satisfactory to the superintendent, on forms made available by the superintendent, of the completion of twenty hours of instruction that shall be completed in schools, seminars, and educational institutions approved by the commission. (5) If any real estate broker or real estate salesperson advertises in a manner other than as provided in this section or the rules adopted under this section, that advertisement is prima-facie evidence of a violation under division (A)(21) of section 4735.18 of the Revised Code. Amounts collected by the superintendent as prescribed in this section and interest earned on the assets of the fund shall be credited by the treasurer of state to the fund. (F) The superintendent shall suspend automatically a licensee's license if the licensee fails to comply with division (E) of this section. The superintendent may move the court at any time to dismiss the application when it appears there are no triable issues and the application is without merit. The post-secondary education requirement may be satisfied by completing the credit-eligible courses using either classroom instruction or distance education. (A) If the superintendent of real estate has refused to qualify any foreign real estate under section 4735.25 of the Revised Code, or has suspended or revoked the qualification of any foreign real estate, the aggrieved party may appeal in accordance with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code. Ohio Revised Code. No person, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation shall provide services that require a license under this chapter if the licensee's license is inactive, suspended, resigned, or a broker's license on deposit, or if the license has been revoked. (A)(1) No person, other than an actual bona fide owner selling for the owner's own account in a single transaction and not by way of repeated or successive transactions, or a person excepted from obtaining a license under section 4735.01 of the Revised Code, shall sell, lease, or otherwise deal in this state in any foreign real estate unless the person has qualified the foreign real estate pursuant to this section and unless one of the following applies: (a) The person was licensed under section 1707.15 or 1707.16 prior to October 14, 1969; (b) The person was licensed as a foreign real estate dealer or salesperson under former section 1707.331 of the Revised Code prior to the effective date of this section, but only until the expiration date of the license; (c) The person is licensed under section 4735.27 or 4735.28 of the Revised Code. The agreement may authorize the broker to receive compensation from the seller or the seller's agent and may provide that the purchaser is not obligated to compensate the broker if the property is purchased or leased solely through the efforts of the purchaser. Licenses may be issued under sections 4735.01 to 4735.23 of the Revised Code, to nonresidents of this state and to foreign corporations, subject to the following additional requirements: (A) The licensee, if a broker, shall maintain an active place of business in this state. Real Property 5309.40. (5) In conjunction with the enforcement of this chapter, issue advisory letters in lieu of initiating disciplinary action under section 4735.051 or 4735.052 of the Revised Code or issuing a citation under section 4735.16 or 4735.181 of the Revised Code. Columbus, Ohio, May 25, 1961 . (D) The commission may suspend, in whole or in part, the imposition of the penalty of suspension of a license under this section. The superintendent shall not be bound by any prior compromise or stipulation of the judgment debtor. A licensee shall not renew the licensee's license any earlier than two months prior to the filing deadline. (L) "Subagency" and "subagency relationship" mean an agency relationship in which a licensee acts for another licensee in performing duties for the client of that licensee. The continuing education may be completed by either classroom instruction or distance education. Making permitted disclosures does not terminate any agency relationship between a licensee and a client. (D) Upon filing the application, the applicant shall pay to the superintendent a filing fee of five hundred dollars plus an additional one dollar for each lot, unit, parcel, or interest included in the offering, with the aggregate fee not to exceed two thousand five hundred dollars, and shall deposit with the superintendent a sum the superintendent may require for the purpose of defraying the cost of verifying the statements of the applicant, or for the purpose of determining that the provisions of this chapter have been and will be complied with and that the foreign real estate will not be sold, leased, or dealt in within this state on grossly unfair terms, or in a method or on terms that might defraud or deceive purchasers in this state. (2) Any licensed real estate broker or sales person who advertises to sell, exchange, or lease real estate, or to engage in any act regulated by this chapter, with respect to property that the licensee owns, shall be identified in the advertisement by name and indicate that the property is agent owned, and if the property is listed with a real estate brokerage, the advertisement shall also indicate the name of the brokerage with which the property is listed. (E) If a real estate broker desires to associate with another real estate broker in the capacity of a real estate salesperson, the broker shall apply to the superintendent to deposit the broker's real estate broker's license with the superintendent and for the issuance of a real estate salesperson's license. Nothing contained in this section shall prevent a right of action from accruing after the expiration of a real estate or foreign real estate license if the act giving rise to the cause of action was performed by a licensee prior to such expiration. (5) Appoint a hearing examiner for any proceeding involving disciplinary action under section 3123.47, 4735.052, or 4735.18 of the Revised Code; (6) Administer the real estate recovery fund. (B) A licensee, at any time during which a license has been suspended pursuant to division (G) of section 4735.07, division ( J) of section 4735.09, division (E) of section 4735.12, division (C) of section 4735.14, division (C) of section 4735.141, or section 4735.182 of the Revised Code, may apply to the superintendent on a form prescribed by the superintendent to permanently resign the licensee's license voluntarily. (F) The commissioners shall review the hearing examiner's report at the next regularly scheduled commission meeting held at least fifteen business days after receipt of the hearing examiner's report. Ohio Revised Code . The director of commerce is ex officio the executive officer of the commission, or the director may designate any employee of the department as superintendent of real estate and professional licensing to act as executive officer of the commission. (A) In representing a seller in an agency relationship, a licensee shall: (1) Seek a purchase offer at a price and with terms acceptable to the seller. There is hereby created the Ohio real estate commission, consisting of five members who shall be appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. (A) The superintendent of real estate, with the consent of the Ohio real estate commission, may enter into agreements with recognized national testing services to administer the real estate broker's examination under the superintendent's supervision and control, consistent with the requirements of this chapter as to the contents of such examination. (S) "Out-of-state commercial broker" includes any person, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation that is licensed to do business as a real estate broker in a jurisdiction other than Ohio. (B) A licensee shall perform the duties required under section 4735.63 or 4735.65 of the Revised Code unless the client agrees to waive these duties, and signs a waiver of duties statement pursuant to division (C) of this section. An order in favor of the plaintiff shall not prevent the superintendent, after proper notice and hearing, from subsequently revoking or suspending the qualification for any proper cause which may accrue or be discovered after the order. If such an investigation is not commenced within the three-year period, it shall be barred, and neither the commission nor the superintendent shall suspend or revoke the license of any licensee, or take other disciplinary action against any licensee, unlicensed person, or unlicensed entity because of the alleged violation of a provision of this or another chapter of the Revised Code that could have been the subject of the barred investigation. Such approval shall be given according to rules established by the commission under the procedures of Chapter 119. of the Revised Code, and shall not be limited to institutions providing two-year or four-year degrees. (A) If the check or draft instrument was submitted by a licensee, the superintendent shall also notify the licensee that the licensee's license will be suspended unless the licensee, within fifteen days after the mailing of the notice, submits the fee and a one-hundred-dollar fee to the superintendent. (C) If a person whose license is in a permanently resigned status pursuant to a request made under this section wishes to obtain an active or inactive license, the person shall apply for such a license in accordance with the requirements specified in section 4735.07 or 4735.09 of the Revised Code, as applicable, or in the rules adopted by the commission pursuant to division (A) of section 4735.10 of the Revised Code. If the information concerning rentals furnished by the licensee is not current or accurate, the full fee shall be repaid or refunded to the prospective tenant upon demand. Each branch office shall be in the charge of a licensed broker or salesperson. The superintendent of real estate may assess the applicant or licensee a fee equal to the fee assessed for the criminal records check. (2) The licensee is convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude. The notice of intention shall be on a form prescribed by the superintendent and shall be accompanied by a fee of thirty-four dollars. (A) No licensee or brokerage shall participate in a dual agency relationship described in section 4735.70 of the Revised Code unless both the seller and the purchaser in the transaction have full knowledge of the dual representation and consent in writing to the dual representation on the agency disclosure statement described in section 4735.57 of the Revised Code. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, a licensee owes no further duty to a client after performance of all duties or after any contract has terminated or expired, except for both of the following: (A) Providing the client with an accounting of all moneys and property relating to the transaction; (B) Keeping confidential all information received during the course of the transaction unless: (2) Disclosure is required by law or by court order; (3) The information becomes public from a source other than the licensee; (4) The information is necessary to prevent a crime the client intends to commit; (5) Disclosure is necessary to defend the brokerage or its licensees against an accusation of wrongful conduct or to establish or defend a claim that a commission is owed on a transaction; (6) Disclosure is regarding sales information requested by a real estate appraiser assistant registered under Chapter 4763. of the Revised Code or a real estate appraiser licensed or certified under Chapter 4763. of the Revised Code for the purposes of performing an appraisal. (A) An application to act as a foreign real estate dealer shall be in writing and filed with the superintendent of real estate. (A) A licensee is not liable to any party for false information that the licensee's client provided to the licensee and that the licensee in turn provided to another party in the real estate transaction, unless the licensee had actual knowledge that the information was false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth. Each member, before entering upon the duties of office, shall subscribe to and file with the secretary of state the constitutional oath of office. The requirements of this division do not apply to an applicant who is admitted to practice before the supreme court. (I) A violation of this section is cause for imposing disciplinary sanctions in accordance with the proceedings specified in sections 4735.051, 4735.18, and 4735.32 of the Revised Code. Each license shall be issued under the seal prescribed in section 121.20 of the Revised Code and be signed by the president of the commission. (G)(1) Successful completion of the instruction required by division (F)(6) of this section shall be determined by the law in effect on the date the instruction was completed. The superintendent may, subject to court approval, compromise a claim based upon the application of an aggrieved party. Any applicant who fails the examination twice shall wait six months before applying to retake the examination. (ii) The interest earned on property management trust accounts maintained in the name of the property owner or the broker shall be payable to the property owner unless otherwise specified in a written contract. (2) Each licensee fulfills the licensee's duties exclusively to the licensee's client. The commission or the superintendent may make application to the appropriate court for an order enjoining the violation of section 4735.02 or 4735.25 of the Revised Code, and upon a showing by the commission or the superintendent that any person, firm, partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation has violated or is about to violate section 4735.02 or 4735.25 of the Revised Code, an injunction, restraining order, or such other order as may be appropriate shall be granted by such court. If a salesperson makes such assignment or transfer, the broker shall not pay the transferee or assignee any portion of the commission. Any license so suspended shall remain suspended until it is reactivated by the superintendent. All contracts entered into pursuant to this section shall stipulate that any fee charged in excess of ten dollars shall be repaid or refunded to the prospective tenant, upon demand, but no sooner than thirty days after the contract has been entered into and no later than sixty days after the contract has been entered into, if he does not obtain a rental conforming to his specifications through the listing furnished by the licensee. Each member shall hold office from the date of appointment until the end of the term for which appointed. The motion may be supported by affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts and may be made on the basis that the application, including the judgment referred to in it, does not form the basis for a meritorious recovery claim; provided, that the superintendent shall give written notice to the applicant at least ten days before such motion. Under Ohio's 2006 Revised Code 971.03, all barbed wire, hedges, or electrified wire boundary fences are forbidden, unless one neighbor obtains written consent from the adjoining neighbor. Real Estate Law; Workers Compensation; COVID-19; News Article . (B)(1) Any person who obtains a final judgment in any court of competent jurisdiction against any broker or salesperson licensed under this chapter, on the grounds of conduct that is in violation of this chapter or the rules adopted under it, and that is associated with an act or transaction that only a licensed real estate broker or licensed real estate salesperson is authorized to perform as specified in division (A) or (C) of section 4735.01 of the Revised Code, may file a verified application, as described in division (B)(3) of this section, in the court of common pleas of Franklin county for an order directing payment out of the real estate recovery fund of the portion of the judgment that remains unpaid and that represents the actual and direct loss sustained by the applicant. Successful completion of any course required by this section shall be determined by the law in effect on the date the course was completed. If proof of completion of the required instruction is not submitted within twelve months of the date a license is issued under this section, the licensee's license is suspended automatically without the taking of any action by the superintendent. Each day a violation occurs or continues is a separate violation. (2) A licensed foreign real estate dealer or licensed foreign real estate salesperson who is acting in a fiduciary capacity for a bona fide owner of foreign real estate in the sale or lease of that real estate, or who is otherwise dealing in foreign real estate in a fiduciary capacity for its bona fide owner, in a single transaction and not by way of repeated or successive transactions for that owner, need not qualify such real estate under this section. (d) Divisions (B)(6)(a)(iii) and (B)(6)(b)(iii) of this section do not apply to any new applicant who holds a valid Ohio real estate appraiser license or certificate issued prior to the date of application for a real estate broker's license. (GG) "Oil and gas land professional" means a person regularly engaged in the preparation and negotiation of agreements for the purpose of exploring for, transporting, producing, or developing oil and gas mineral interests, including, but not limited to, oil and gas leases and pipeline easements. A licensee granted an extension pursuant to this division who is no longer a disabled licensee and who submits proof of completion of the continuing education during the extension period, shall submit, for future continuing education reporting periods, proof of completion of the continuing education requirements according to the schedule established in division (A) of this section. Divisions (B)(6)(a)(v), (vi), (vii), and (viii) or division (B)(6)(b)(v) of this section do not apply to any applicant who holds a valid real estate salesperson's license issued prior to January 3, 1984. (D) A real estate broker or salesperson obtaining the signature of a party to a listing or other agreement involved in a real estate transaction shall furnish a copy of the listing or other agreement to the party immediately after obtaining the party's signature. The chapters are divided into sections which contain the text of individual statutes. Hon. If the superintendent finds that such evidence does not exist, within five business days thereafter, the superintendent shall so notify the complainant and licensee of the superintendent's determination and the basis for the determination. (2) At least one of the partners, members, officers, or shareholders of the unlicensed partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation is the affiliated licensee who earned the fee, commission, or other compensation. The requirements of this division do not apply to an applicant who is admitted to practice before the supreme court. (G) A licensee shall submit proof of completion of the required continuing education with the licensee's notice of renewal. (B) "Real estate" includes leaseholds as well as any and every interest or estate in land situated in this state, whether corporeal or incorporeal, whether freehold or nonfreehold, and the improvements on the land, but does not include cemetery interment rights. The Cincinnati Enquirer. (f) Notice of renewal forms and filing deadlines; (g) Special assessments under division (A) of section 4735.12 of the Revised Code. The laws are collected and published in the Ohio Revised Code. (B) No partnership, association, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or corporation holding a real estate license shall employ as an officer, director, manager, or principal employee any person previously holding a license as a real estate broker, real estate salesperson, foreign real estate dealer, or foreign real estate salesperson, whose license has been placed in inactive or resigned status, or is suspended, or revoked and who has not thereafter reactivated the license or received a new license. The application shall be in the form prescribed by the superintendent and shall contain such information as is required by this chapter and the rules of the Ohio real estate commission. (2) Division (F)(6)(c) of this section does not apply to any new applicant who holds a valid Ohio real estate appraiser license or certificate issued prior to the date of application for a real estate salesperson's license. All vacancies which occur shall be filled in the manner prescribed for the regular appointments to the commission. Any person whose license is reactivated pursuant to this division shall comply with the requirements of this section and otherwise be in compliance with this chapter. (A) Each license issued under this chapter, shall be valid without further recommendation or examination until it is placed in an inactive or resigned status, is revoked or suspended, or such license expires by operation of law. (D) The superintendent, with the consent of the commission, may enter into an agreement with a recognized national testing service to administer the real estate salesperson's examination under the superintendent's supervision and control, consistent with the requirements of this chapter as to the contents of the examination. In all cases, a management level licensee shall keep information of faculty! The requirements of this division do not apply to an applicant who the. 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